Disaster Management keypoints from ARC report. This content is taken from 3rd report of 2nd Administrative reform Commission (Crisis. The reports of 2nd ARC are important because they provide truckload of fodder- material in UPSC exam General Studies, Public Administration, Essay and interview. Crisis vs Disaster. Disasters: why increasing? Disasters in India. Earthquakes. Cyclones. Tsunamis. Floods. Landslides. Avalanches. Industrial Disasters. Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy. Epidemics. Nuclear Hazards. Desert Locusts. Slow Onset disasters. Climatic Change. Droughts. Desertification and Soil Degradation. Sea Erosion. Disaster Response Mechanism in India. Constitution of India: Disaster. The rise and fall of the Indus Valley and Babylonian civilizations are a testimony to this. Non fiction report rubric 2nd grade PDF 4th grade nonfiction report rubric PDF 3rd grade animal report rubric PDF. 2nd arc report pdf download,You can download reports from Link Given Below, Important For UPSC Mains Notes Of 2nd ARC. Toggle SlidingBar Area. 3rd report ARC-crisis management; 4th report ARC’Ethics in. The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the fifth in a series of such reports. The scourge of terrorism has created new types of crisesincreasing dependence on communications and computer networks have increased the threat of newer emergencies in case these are disabled by accident or design.(Net- banking, sharemarket, Financial Terrorism etc)modernization, information explosion, transnational migrations, and the economic interdependence among nations have all contributed to extending the impact of crisis situations. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came to the conclusion that, worldwide the frequency and magnitude of all types of natural disasters are on the rise. In some regions of the country, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased over the past few decades. Extreme rainfall events will increase over many areas, resulting in greater number of floods and landslides. Mid- continental areas would generally become drier, thus increasing the risk of summer droughts and forest fires. Such increasing trends in natural disasters will inevitably create crisis situations. Therefore Disaster management will become a very critical issue in the coming years. Disaster Matrix (Click to Enlarge)Types of Disasterscaused by acts of nature. Climatic eventscyclonesstorms (associated sea erosion),floods anddrought. Geological events: earthquakes,tsunamis,landslidesavalanches; by environmental degradationby accidents. Life Cycle of a crisis. It is also necessary to recognize that often a crisis does not emerge suddenly; it has a life cycle, which may take days, months or even decades to develop depending on its causative factors. This . The challenge is to ensure that the community at large and the decision makers are empowered with this knowledge. Traditional Knowledge for Disaster Management. Why should people be brought in for a community approach to disaster management? The answer should be easy to appreciate. If tribals in the Andamans could survive the tsunami, it was because their existing warning systems worked well in comparison to our non- existent modern systems. The fact that traditional houses of wood and stone survived the Uttarkashi earthquake not so long ago while modern buildings collapsed offered a similar lesson. This intelligence needs to be tapped for devising approaches to management of disasters. High Cost of Disaster. India is very vulnerable to natural hazards because of its unique geo- climatic conditions. Disasters occur in India with grim regularity causing enormous loss of life and property. Almost 8. 5% of the country is vulnerable to single or multiple disasters and about 5. Such movements may occur gradually, but sudden sliding can also occur without warning. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions. Prolonged rainfall causing heavy landslides block the flow of rivers for quite some time, which on bursting can cause havoc to human settlements downstreamhilly terrains of India, particularly in the Himalayas and the Western Ghats, are most vulnerable to landslides. In contrast, the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills are geologically stableregulate settlements in hazard prone areaconstruction of retaining walls against steep slopes. Avalanchessliding down of snow cover on mountain slope causes avalanches. Avalanches create various crisis situations for the local administration; road traffic may be blocked and communication links to vital areas may be disruptedwinter sports may be disturbed stranding tourists in places with scant facilities. Small rivers may be blocked creating danger of down stream flooding. Avalanches may sometimes hit or bury human settlements down the slopes. Solutionremove snow deposits on slopes by blasting,predicting avalanches and evacuating people from vulnerable areas. Industrial Disasters. Among the man made disasters, probably the most devastating (after wars) are industrial disasters. These disasters may be caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical or other process failures in an industrial plant due to accident or negligence,But they also cause widespread damage within and/or outside the plantworst example = Methyl Iso- cynate gas leak in 1. Union Carbide Factory in Bhopal (known as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy) which hasso far claimed more than 2. Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy. In the pre- Bhopal Gas Tragedy era, industrial safety was governed by legislations like the Factories Act, 1. Explosives Act, 1. Graphic organizer for story arc PDF story map graphic organizer PDF. 4th-ethics in governance.pdf. 6th-local governance.pdf. 7th-capacity bulding for conflict mgt.pdf. 9th-Social Capital.pdf. Browse and Download Graphic Organizer For Animal Report 2nd Grade. Title Type graphic organizer for research notes 4th grade PDF 4th grade writing fantasy graphic organizer PDF 3rd grade graphic organizer for opinion essay PDF. Second ARC(Fourth Report) Ethics in Governance. A system for partial state funding should be introduced in order to reduce passed an order on 4th April. Download and Read Writing Research Organizers For 2nd Grade. Title Type research report 7th grade PDF 2nd grade research graphic PDF research papers 5th grade PDF 4th grade research china PDF research methods designing and. These laws proved to be inadequate to provide safety to workers as well as to the people living in the surrounding areas. So, The Environment Protection Act, 1. Stringent environmental protection laws have prevented major industrial disasters after Bhopal, but minor disasters do take place on and off site and also during transportation of hazardous materials, which claim a number of lives each year besides creating environmental problems. With rapid industrialization, the threat of industrial disasters has increased. However, in spite of the existence of a large number of laws, their enforcement has left much to be desired. Epidemics. In India, the major sources of epidemics can be broadly categorized as follows. Epidemics often take place due to poor sanitary conditions leading to contamination of food and water or due to inadequate disposal of human or animal carcasses in post- disaster situations. They become real dangers during floods and earthquakes. Sometimes, poor solid waste management may create epidemics like plague. Plague is quite uncommon now but it can still occur as it did in Surat in 1. Nuclear Hazards. Fukishima Nuke Power Plant. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is the nodal agency in the country in respect of man made radiological emergencies in the public domain.(I think we already covered the steps taken by Indian Government to prevent nuke accidents. Refer the Seoul Summit article click ME)Desert Locusts. Swarm of Desert Locust. Under favourable environmental conditions, a few insects can dramatically multiply, form large swarms able to migrate great distancesthey threaten agriculture over a large part of Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia = food security problem. International cooperation lies at the core of an effective strategy for locust control. Slow vs Rapid Onset disasters. Slow onset disaster. Rapid onset disasterclimate change (global warming), desertification, soil degradation, and droughts,Earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tsunamis. Also known as Creeping Emergencies. Climatic Change. Climate change is defined as . These are: India has an average annual rainfall of around 1. More than 8. 0% of rainfall is received in less than 1. South- west monsoon and the geographic spread is uneven. Inadequacy of rains coupled with adverse land- man ratio compels the farmers to practice rain- fed agriculture in large parts of the country. Irrigation, using groundwater aggravates the situation in the long run as ground- water withdrawal exceeds replenishment; in the peninsular region availability of surface water itself becomes scarce in years of rainfall insufficiency. Desertification and Soil Degradation. Any kind of land degradation can be termed as desertification. This can take place due to soil erosion, increasing alkalinity in soil and water- logging. Land degradation is estimated to affect one third of the total area of the countryprocess of desertification is accelerated due to continuing cultivation. Sea Erosionlandward displacement of the shoreline caused by the forces of waves and currents is termed as erosion. Coastal erosion occurs when wind, waves and long shore currents move sand from the shore and deposit it somewhere else. The impact of the event is not always seen immediately, but it is equally important when we consider loss of property that it causes. It takes months or years to note the impact. So, this is generally classified as a . These are: Disaster management was moved from the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Home Affairs. Although Ministry of Agriculture retains the responsibility for droughts, pest attacks and hailstorms; State Governments were advised to create separate Disaster Management Department. State Governments were further advised to constitute. State Disaster Management Authority under the Chairmanship of State Chief Ministers. District Disaster Management Committee under the Chairmanship of District Collectors. A specialized force comprising eight battalions to be named as National Disaster Response Force to be constituted with state- of- the- art equipment and training to respond to various natural and man made disasters; advanced fail- proof disaster communication network. National Institute of Disaster Management was set up at Delhi for training research. Basics of disaster management to be introduced in school educationdisaster resistant technologies to be introduced in engineering and architecturedisaster- Management topic introduced in medical and nursing education.
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